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- peridotite
-
- Large sections of the Earth's mantle are thought to be peridotite, a
- plutonic rock composed mainly of coarse grains of olivine (a variety
- of which is called peridot, from which the rock's name is derived).
- Peridotites may also contain substantial amounts of pyroxene,
- hornblende, and mica, and accessory minerals include apatite,
- chromite, garnet, magnetite, and pyrrhotite. Peridotites are often
- partially or largely altered to serpentinite. Some are of economic
- value, providing ores of chromium and asbestos (pyroxene peridotites)
- and diamonds (mica peridotites). Peridotites occur at the bases of
- layered igneous complexes, probably as the result of gravitational
- settling of dense crystals that formed early. Some have intruded other
- bodies as crystal mush. WILLIAM D. ROMEY
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- Bibliography: Hyndman, D. W., Petrology of Igneous and Metamorphic
- Rocks, ed. by Jack L. Farnsworth (1972); Williams, Howel, et al.,
- Petrography (1955).
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